if(($monthsDue!=1) && ($Payment_Type!=STANDING_ORDER)){ // send emails according to more criteria}
&& = AND, whereas || = OR.
http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.logical.php
However, if you use AND and OR, you'll eventually get tripped up by something like this:
$this = true;$that = false;$truthiness = $this and $that;
Want to guess what $truthiness equals?
If you said false... wrong!
$truthiness above has the value true. Why? = has a higher precedence than and. The addition of parentheses to show the implicit order makes this clearer:
($truthiness = $this) and $that
If you used && instead of and in the first code example, it would work as expected and be false.
Just something to be careful about!